Find all Anagrams in a String

Given a string s and a non-empty string p, find all the start indices of p's anagrams in s.

Strings consists of lowercase English letters only and the length of both strings s and p will not be larger than 20,100.

The order of output does not matter.

Example 1:

Input:
s: "cbaebabacd" p: "abc"

Output:
[0, 6]

Explanation:
The substring with start index = 0 is "cba", which is an anagram of "abc".
The substring with start index = 6 is "bac", which is an anagram of "abc".

Example 2:

Input:
s: "abab" p: "ab"

Output:
[0, 1, 2]

Explanation:
The substring with start index = 0 is "ab", which is an anagram of "ab".
The substring with start index = 1 is "ba", which is an anagram of "ab".
The substring with start index = 2 is "ab", which is an anagram of "ab".
METHOD 1:

 class Solution {
public List<Integer> findAnagrams(String s, String p) {
List<Integer>result = new ArrayList<Integer>();
char []pArr = p.toCharArray();
int pLength = p.length(), sLength = s.length();
Arrays.sort(pArr);
int i;
for(i=0;i<sLength;i++){
if(p.contains(s.charAt(i)+"") && (i+pLength <= sLength)){
String tmp = s.substring(i, i+pLength);
char []tmpArr = tmp.toCharArray();
Arrays.sort(tmpArr);
if(Arrays.equals(pArr, tmpArr)){
result.add(i);
}
}
}
return result;
}
}


Here, we are going to solve only using String and Arrays. The idea behind this solution is if p string contains any character from s string, then check for entire p string in s string. This can be done by sorting p array and substring array and finally check for equality. It is another easiest way to find anagrams in a String using Java

Below are steps to be followed..,
1) Create a list to store a list of anagrams.
2) Convert p string to char array and sort it using Arrays.sort().
3) Now, iterate each character in entire s string and if any character of s string found in p string then.,
 a) Find substring exactly equal to length of p string from current charcter.
 b) Convert substring to char array and sort it.
 c) After sorting, check for equality. If both are equals, then add it to result list.
4) Repeat above step until you reach end of s string,
5) i+pLength <= sLength condition is used because while doing substring it should go beyond s string length.

Above solution seems to be very easy, but if you check runtime (1657 ms approx) it is one of most time consumption solution.

METHOD 2:

  class Solution {
    public List<Integer> findAnagrams(String s, String p) {
        List<Integer> result= new ArrayList<>();
        int[] count= new int[128];
        for (char c : p.toCharArray()) count[c]--;
        for (int r = 0, l = 0; r < s.length(); r++) {
            if (++count[s.charAt(r)] > 0) { //step 1
                while (s.charAt(l) != s.charAt(r)) // step2
                    count[s.charAt(l++)]--;
                count[s.charAt(l++)]--; // step 3
            } else if (r - l + 1 == p.length()) { //step 4
                result.add(l);
                count[s.charAt(l++)]--; // step 5
            }
        }
        return result;
    }
}


This solution will be little bit confusing until you done a execution with pen and paper. Here, we are going to create a temporary array with size of 128 and with help of this array we are going to find substring. Please follow step number as mentioned in code.

Initial we are adding p string to array by decrementing 1.
1) If number of characters in string s[r] is more than our needed length, then
2) In this we are going to remove until we found string s[r]
3) In this we remove s[r] so that count[s[r]] will be 0.
4) If size of our numbers is equal to p string length then add l to the result list.
5) Repeat above al steps till end of s string.


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